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| 購(gòu)買進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物 www.pyjb.com.cn |
“火焰衛(wèi)矛”是廣受歡迎的園林觀賞植物，不過(guò)由于具有很強(qiáng)的入侵性，這種植物在美國(guó)多個(gè)州被列入“黑名單”。美國(guó)研究人員日前培育出一種無(wú)籽火焰衛(wèi)矛新品種，在保留火焰衛(wèi)矛鮮紅奪目特性的同時(shí)，消除了其入侵自然棲息地的能力。 這種火焰衛(wèi)矛是由美國(guó)康涅狄格大學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)基因植物中心主任李義教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組培育的。近年每到秋天火焰衛(wèi)矛種子成熟時(shí)，研究人員就要從種子中分離數(shù)以千計(jì)的成熟和未成熟胚乳，然后利用特殊的植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)皿中培養(yǎng)，最終培育出了不育的三倍體火焰衛(wèi)矛。 所謂三倍體是指細(xì)胞或生物含有三組染色體，因難以進(jìn)行減數(shù)分裂形成配子，故常無(wú)法繁育。利用人工方法，讓胚乳組織生成三倍體植物非常困難，目前全世界通過(guò)胚乳組織僅培育出32種三倍體植物。 研究報(bào)告已發(fā)表在美國(guó)《園藝科學(xué)》 （HortScience）雜志8月刊上。 火焰衛(wèi)矛1860年被引入到美國(guó)，目前在美國(guó)新英格蘭地區(qū)和東部各州很受歡迎，被廣泛用于園林綠化、植物籬笆及高速公路沿線和商業(yè)區(qū)，全美一年的銷售額達(dá)數(shù)千萬(wàn)美元。但由于這種植物具有侵略性，美國(guó)已有21個(gè)州將其列為入侵性物種。火焰衛(wèi)矛的入侵性源于其種子通過(guò)雨水和鳥(niǎo)類傳播到林地，在那里發(fā)芽、生長(zhǎng)和繁衍，形成茂密的灌木叢，威脅其他植物的生存，最終完全替代本土植物。
doi: In Vitro Regeneration of Triploid Plants of Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ (Burning Bush) from Endosperm Tissues Yongqin Chen, Liangtao Tian, Junmei Chen, Richard McAvoy, Donna Ellis, Degang Zhao, Yuejin Wang and Xian Zhang, Yi Li Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb., commonly known as "burning bush," is an extremely popular landscape plant in the United States as a result of its brilliant showy red leaves in fall. However, E. alatus is also seriously invasive because of its prolific seed production and effective seed dispersal by birds. Thus, development of sterile, non-invasive, seedless triploid E. alatus is in high demand. In this article, we report successful production of triploid E. alatus using endosperm tissues as explants. In our study, {approx}50% of immature endosperm explants and 14% of mature endosperm explants formed compact, green calli after culture in the dark for 8 weeks and then under light for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 2.7 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Approximately 5.6% of the immature endosperm-derived calli and 13.4% of mature endosperm-derived calli initiated shoots within 8 weeks after they were cultured on MS medium with 4.4 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Eighty-five percent of shoots rooted after culture on woody plant medium (WPM) containing 4.9 µM IBA for 2 weeks and then on hormone-free WPM medium containing 2.0 g·L–1 activated charcoal for 4 weeks. Eight independently regenerated triploid plants have been identified. Triploid plant regeneration rates observed were 0.42% from immature endosperm explants and 0.34% from mature endosperm explants, respectively, based on the number of endosperm explants cultured. Because triploid plants cannot produce viable seeds, and thus are sterile and non-invasive, some triploid E. alatus plant lines reported here can be used to replace the currently used invasive counterparts. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). |
購(gòu)買進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物
www.pyjb.com.cn |
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