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| 購買進口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物 www.pyjb.com.cn |
據美國物理學家組織網12月26日報道，在26日出版的《自然—遺傳學》雜志上，兩組科學家表示，他們分別解開了野生草莓和克里奧洛可可樹的基因密碼，新發現有助于育種專家培育出品質更高的草莓和可可樹品種。
英國生物工藝學和生物學研究委員會（BBSRC）和其他4個國家的70名研究人員繪制出了野生草莓完整的基因組圖譜，研究發現，野生草莓共有約3.5萬個基因，是人類基因數量的1.5倍，野生草莓的大部分基因也出現在人工培育的草莓品種中。研究人員首先將野生草莓的基因組分割成數百萬個短小的片段，然后給每個片段排序，接著將所有片段組合起來，從而繪制出了野生草莓完整的基因組圖譜。 該研究小組的研究人員丹·薩杰表示：“幾百年來，農民一般采用雜交育種的方式來改進農作物的特性，雜交草莓的基因組圖譜更復雜，但野生草莓的基因數相對比較少，我們能更容易得到所有有用的基因。” 該研究團隊的研究員、美國俄勒岡州立大學的托德·莫克勒表示：“科學家可以據此培育出能更好對抗害蟲、氣味香甜、耐高溫、所需肥料更少、存放時間更長、味道更好或外觀更漂亮的水果。” 另一法國科研小組表示，他們繪制出了克里奧洛可可樹76%的基因組圖，并鑒定出了這種可可樹基因組中的2.9萬個基因，科學家可以據此從遺傳學角度改進可可樹作物。人類大約于3000多年前培育出了克里奧洛可可樹，現在每年會生產約370萬噸可可豆。 原文出處： Nature Genetics doi:10.1038/ng.736 The genome of Theobroma cacao Xavier Argout,Jerome Salse,Jean-Marc Aury,Mark J Guiltinan,Gaetan Droc,Jerome Gouzy,Mathilde Allegre,Cristian Chaparro,Thierry Legavre,Siela N Maximova,Michael Abrouk,Florent Murat,Olivier Fouet,Julie Poulain,Manuel Ruiz,Yolande Roguet,Maguy Rodier-Goud,Jose Fernandes Barbosa-Neto,Francois Sabot,Dave Kudrna,Jetty Siva S Ammiraju,Stephan C Schuster,John E Carlson,Erika Sallet,Thomas Schiex，et al. We sequenced and assembled the draft genome of Theobroma cacao, an economically important tropical-fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. This assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of these genes anchored on the 10 T. cacao chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example, flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for T. cacao improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten T. cacao chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven chromosome fusions. Nature Genetics doi:10.1038/ng.740 The genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Vladimir Shulaev,Daniel J Sargent,Ross N Crowhurst,Todd C Mockler,Otto Folkerts,Arthur L Delcher,Pankaj Jaiswal,Keithanne Mockaitis,Aaron Liston,Shrinivasrao P Mane,Paul Burns,Thomas M Davis,Janet P Slovin,Nahla Bassil,Roger P Hellens,Clive Evans,Tim Harkins,Chinnappa Kodira,Brian Desany,Oswald R Crasta,Roderick V Jensen,Andrew C Allan,Todd P Michael,Joao Carlos Setubal,Jean-Marc Celton,et al. The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca (2n = 2x = 14), is a versatile experimental plant system. This diminutive herbaceous perennial has a small genome (240 Mb), is amenable to genetic transformation and shares substantial sequence identity with the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and other economically important rosaceous plants. Here we report the draft F. vesca genome, which was sequenced to ×39 coverage using second-generation technology, assembled de novo and then anchored to the genetic linkage map into seven pseudochromosomes. This diploid strawberry sequence lacks the large genome duplications seen in other rosids. Gene prediction modeling identified 34,809 genes, with most being supported by transcriptome mapping. Genes critical to valuable horticultural traits including flavor, nutritional value and flowering time were identified. Macrosyntenic relationships between Fragaria and Prunus predict a hypothetical ancestral Rosaceae genome that had nine chromosomes. New phylogenetic analysis of 154 protein-coding genes suggests that assignment of Populus to Malvidae, rather than Fabidae, is warranted. |
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