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| 購買進口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物 www.pyjb.com.cn |
英國科學家日前開發出一種無注射技術，從而使醫務工作者更易于對早產兒進行藥物測試。 研究人員指出，這項成果不僅能使開具的處方更加準確，并且還將大大降低該種測試對新生兒及其家人所造成的創傷。 這是全球針對這種兒童藥物測試的創新方法首次公布的研究結果，該成果被刊登在美國醫學期刊《兒科》上。 貝爾法斯特兒童醫院和貝爾法斯特女王大學藥學院的研究人員利用簡單的足后跟采血血樣進行了此項研究。 貝爾法斯特女王大學藥學教授James McElnay說：“這種形式的測試將大大降低虛弱病人在作藥物測試時的不適感。更重要的是，它將保證最大程度的準確計算一個病兒最合適的藥量。” McElnay指出：“醫院里80%的特別護理嬰兒都需要接受藥物治療，但是對于如此幼小的病患，在給藥時并沒有現成的適當測試方法或規則可用，所用的劑量通常都是按照成人或較大兒童所用的規定劑量來計算的。” 貝爾法斯特女王大學的研究涉及了抗生素甲硝唑。該研究小組利用吸墨紙從早產新生兒身上取得一滴血，這些新生兒都接受了常規護理的藥物治療。這滴血干燥后，由研究人員進行分析，而分析結果被用來指導醫生開處方時配給藥量。 McElnay說：“我們的這一成果為利用同樣方法研究其他在兒童身上施用的藥物開啟了機會，而且我們目前正在對此進行深入研究。”
Metronidazole Population Pharmacokinetics in Preterm Neonates Using Dried Blood-Spot Sampling Maysa Suyagh, PhDa, Paul S. Collier, PhDa, Jeffrey S. Millership, PhDa, Godwill Iheagwaram, PhDa, Muriel Millar, BScb, Henry L. Halliday, MDb, James C. McElnay, PhDa OBJECTIVES: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in preterm neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from 32 preterm neonates who received intravenous metronidazole for the treatment of or prophylaxis against necrotizing enterocolitis. Dried blood spots (n = 203) on filter paper were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the data were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis performed by using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. RESULTS: A 1-compartment model best described the data. Significant covariates were weight (WT) and postmenstrual age (PMA). The final population models for metronidazole clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) were: CL = 0.0247 × (WT/1.00)0.75 × (1 + 0.107 × [PMA − 30]) and V = 0.726 × WT, where CL is in liters per hour, WT is in kilograms, PMA is in weeks, and V is in liters. This model predicts that the half-life of metronidazole decreases rapidly from ∼40 hours at 25 weeks' PMA to 19 hours at 32 weeks' PMA, after which it starts to plateau. This decrease in half-life is the result of a 5-fold increase in CL compared with only a 2.5-fold increase in V during the same period. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there are no specific dose recommendations for metronidazole in preterm neonates. However, a dosing scheme for preterm neonates that takes into consideration both the weight and PMA has been suggested and should avoid administration of doses that are excessive or more frequent than necessary.
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購買進口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物
www.pyjb.com.cn |
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